1998Practice founded3,969Feasibility studies1,283SBA studies823USDA studies$41.2BProject value evaluatedSince 1982Institutional underwritingMAI · ASA-GC · BCA · CMEAIn-house valuation designations
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Wert-Berater Market Intelligence

How a Market Risk Intelligence report is built

The method, the definitions and the sources, published in full. A market report whose method you cannot inspect is an opinion with a chart on it; this page exists so that ours can be checked, argued with, and relied on in a credit file.

Check coverage for your market How the risk score works
Independent analysis since 19983,969 completed studiesExperience across all 50 states$41.2B in evaluated project value
Commissioned and analyst-prepared

The method below is applied to every report an analyst prepares for us, whichever market it covers — the standard does not change with the scope you commission. You are emailed a written confirmation when the request is opened, and an analyst comes back to you within one business day to agree the scope, the price and a delivery date. Nothing is charged until that is agreed, and the finished report arrives as a personal download link rather than an attachment.

The order of operations

Every report follows the same sequence, and the sequence matters: coverage is established before analysis begins, so that no part of the report depends on a figure we had to invent.

Define the cohort and the geography. Property type, the cohort dimensions that materially change the analysis — chain scale and service type for lodging, building size and use for manufacturing — and the market boundary, at metropolitan, market, county, city or submarket level.
Establish coverage. Five evidence bands are checked for that exact combination: building inventory, economic data, construction pipeline, market trends and forecast evidence. Each is graded, and a market that fails the gate is not sold a report.
Build the competitive set. The inventory actually competing with the cohort, rather than everything of that property type standing in the geography.
Measure current conditions. Occupancy or vacancy and availability, rate or rent levels and their direction, and net absorption over a trailing period long enough to distinguish trend from noise.
Establish the demand drivers. The employment, population, income, visitation or freight activity that actually generates demand for this cohort in this market — not a generic economic profile.
Calculate market capacity. Supportable demand less committed supply, so that the pipeline is read against what the market can absorb rather than in isolation.
Model operating economics. Revenue, operating expense, capital expenditure and net operating income benchmarks for the cohort, expressed per square foot or per unit, and the occupancy at which the cohort breaks even.
Run the distribution. The key variables are simulated across their plausible ranges to produce outcomes at the tenth through ninetieth percentiles, with the sensitivity ranking that shows which variable the result depends on most.
Score and review. The five risk components are assessed, the composite score and band are set, and the report is reviewed against the evidence before release.

Coverage comes before analysis

This is the part of the method that differs most from conventional market data products. The coverage check is not a disclaimer at the back of the report; it is a gate at the front of the process, and it can stop the report being produced at all.

Each of the five evidence bands is graded as high, moderate, limited or unavailable for the selected property type and geography. A market that carries an unavailable band, or that falls below the minimum composite coverage threshold, is marked ineligible. Our reports desk will explain what would be required to cover it, and whether a commissioned analyst-prepared market report is the appropriate instrument instead.

On sample and demonstration data. Where a market is shown in a demonstration or sample context rather than from our production evidence, it is labelled as sample data and is not to be used for investment, lending or underwriting purposes. Sample coverage is never presented as a market reading.

Market capacity: supportable demand less committed supply

Market capacity answers the question a pipeline figure alone cannot: is the space being built space the market can use? The calculation proceeds in three parts.

Supportable demand is estimated from the market’s own demand drivers — the size and growth of the occupier base for that cohort — and converted into a physical quantity of space, rooms or units at a stabilised operating level appropriate to the property type. Committed supply is existing competitive inventory plus the construction pipeline, with planned projects weighted by the likelihood they deliver rather than counted at face value. Capacity is the difference. A negative capacity is not automatically a negative finding, and a positive one is not automatically an opportunity; both are read against the market’s demonstrated absorption rate to establish how long the gap would take to close.

Operating economics on a per-square-foot basis

Market conditions only matter to a decision maker once they are expressed in the units the decision is made in. The report therefore carries cohort-level benchmarks on a per-square-foot or per-unit basis, with the distribution around each rather than a single point.

MeasureWhat it establishes
Revenue per SFAchievable gross revenue for the cohort at market-level performance, before deductions.
OpEx per SFOperating expenses at the cohort’s scale in that market, including the local cost items — labour, utilities, insurance, property taxes — that vary materially by geography.
NOI per SFNet operating income after operating expenses and before debt service and capital items. The primary comparability measure between markets.
CapEx per SFRecurring capital requirement to hold the cohort at competitive standard. Frequently understated in underwriting and material to the tail.
Break-even occupancyThe occupancy at which revenue covers operating expenses and debt service. Converts the market question into a threshold question.
Discounted cash flowWhere the cohort supports it, present value of the modelled cash flow stream, reported per square foot so markets can be compared on a common basis.

Probabilistic analysis rather than a single case

A market forecast expressed as one number carries a false precision that is difficult to defend in credit. Our analysis assigns each uncertain variable a range and a distribution shape derived from that market’s observed behaviour, then samples across those distributions many thousands of times.

The output is a distribution of outcomes reported at the tenth, twenty-fifth, fiftieth, seventy-fifth and ninetieth percentiles, together with the proportion of simulated outcomes falling below thresholds that matter — break-even occupancy being the usual one. Alongside it sits a sensitivity ranking identifying which variables the result actually depends on, and defined stress cases showing the effect of a specified adverse movement rather than a random one. Simulation does not create information that the underlying evidence does not contain; it makes the uncertainty in that evidence explicit instead of averaging it away.

Definitions used throughout

Terms in commercial real estate are used inconsistently across the industry. These are the definitions this report applies.

TermDefinition as used in our reports
VacancySpace physically unoccupied at the measurement date, expressed as a proportion of existing inventory.
AvailabilitySpace being actively marketed, including occupied space offered for sublease or with a known forthcoming vacancy. Leads vacancy.
Net absorptionChange in occupied space over the period, move-ins less move-outs. Demand realised, not demand asserted.
Existing inventoryCompleted competitive stock in the cohort and geography at the measurement date.
Under constructionProjects with construction physically commenced. Counted at full quantity.
PlannedProjects announced or permitted but not commenced. Weighted by likelihood of delivery, never counted at face value.
Market capacitySupportable demand less committed supply, expressed in the physical unit of the property type.
Occupancy, ADR, RevPARFor lodging: rooms sold as a proportion of rooms available; average daily rate across sold rooms; and revenue per available room, being the product of the two. RevPAR moves for two distinct reasons and the report separates them.
StabilisedThe performance level a cohort reaches after lease-up or ramp, used as the basis for capacity and operating benchmarks.

Data sources and how they are cited

Every quantitative statement in a report carries its source and the date the underlying series was current through. Where a figure is our own estimate rather than an observation, it is identified as such, and the basis for the estimate is stated.

Federal statistical series

U.S. Census Bureau, including the American Community Survey, County Business Patterns and the Building Permits Survey; the Bureau of Labor Statistics, including QCEW, LAUS and Current Employment Statistics; and the Bureau of Economic Analysis for regional income and output.

State and local records

Permitting, planning and assessment records from the jurisdictions covering the market, which are the primary evidence for the construction pipeline and for planned development.

Transport and freight

Published port, rail, highway and air freight activity where the cohort’s demand depends on it — material for manufacturing and logistics property, immaterial for most others, and used only where it is.

Licensed property data, where we hold it

Commercial property inventory, occupancy and rate evidence from licensed data, used only in those markets a licence of ours actually covers. Being direct about it: we do not hold licensed inventory coverage for every market, and where we do not, the report is built from the public, permitting and engagement evidence above — or we decline the market outright. The coverage check tells you which of these sources sits behind the market you selected, before you order, rather than substituting a regional average for a reading we cannot take.

The firm’s engagement record

Evidence developed across our own completed studies and appraisals, used where it is applicable to the market and cohort, and identified when it is.

What we will not use

Unattributed aggregator figures, marketing material presented as research, and national averages applied to a local market. If a number cannot be sourced, it does not appear.

Preparation and review

Reports are prepared and reviewed by Wert-Berater, Inc., an independent feasibility study, market research and valuation firm in continuous practice since 1998, with 3,969 completed studies and experience across all fifty states. Each report records the date it was prepared, the date it was last updated, and the date through which its underlying evidence was current — three dates that are routinely conflated elsewhere and that mean different things.

The firm is engaged by lenders, agencies, developers and investors, and is not compensated on the outcome of any transaction it analyses. No report is prepared on a contingent-fee basis.

Limitations

A market risk report analyses market conditions. It does not inspect a property, does not opine on value, does not evaluate a borrower or a loan structure, and does not constitute a feasibility study for any programme purpose. Its conclusions are conditioned on the evidence available for that market at the date stated, and markets change. Where a financing decision requires a feasibility study or an appraisal, those are separate commissioned engagements — see our services.

Related reading

Frequently asked questions

How is commercial real estate market capacity calculated?
Market capacity is supportable demand less committed supply. We estimate the demand the local economy generates for the cohort from its own demand drivers, convert that demand into the physical quantity of space or rooms it supports at a stabilised operating level, then subtract existing competitive inventory and the credible construction pipeline. What remains, positive or negative, is the capacity the market has left.
What is the difference between vacancy and availability?
Vacancy is space that is physically empty today. Availability is space being marketed for lease, which includes occupied space a tenant is trying to sublease or has announced it will vacate. Availability leads vacancy, so a market where availability is climbing while vacancy is flat is usually deteriorating rather than stable.
What does net absorption tell an investor?
Net absorption is the change in occupied space over a period, taking move-ins less move-outs. It measures demand actually realised rather than demand asserted. Compared against deliveries over the same period it shows whether a market is absorbing what it builds.
What do P10, P50 and P90 mean in real estate risk analysis?
They are percentiles of a simulated distribution of outcomes. P50 is the median case, P10 is the outcome exceeded in ninety per cent of simulations and therefore a pessimistic reading, and P90 is exceeded in only ten per cent and therefore an optimistic one. Underwriting to P50 alone hides the tail that credit decisions are actually exposed to.
How is Monte Carlo simulation used in commercial real estate analysis?
Instead of assigning one value to each uncertain variable, each is assigned a range and a distribution shape drawn from observed market behaviour. The model is then run many thousands of times, sampling from those distributions, to produce a distribution of outcomes rather than a single answer. The output shows both the central case and how much of the distribution falls below a threshold that matters, such as break-even occupancy.
What is break-even occupancy?
The occupancy level at which revenue exactly covers operating expenses and debt service. It is the single most useful number in a market risk analysis, because it converts an abstract question about market conditions into a concrete one: how far can this market fall before the asset stops covering its obligations.
Which data sources does the report cite?
Public federal and state statistical series including the U.S. Census Bureau, the Bureau of Labor Statistics and the Bureau of Economic Analysis, state and municipal permitting and planning records, published transport and freight data where relevant, licensed commercial property data in those markets a licence of ours covers, and our own engagement record. We do not hold licensed inventory coverage everywhere, and the coverage check discloses what is behind your market before you order. Every quantitative statement in the report carries its source and the date it was current through.
Where this product stands. Market Risk Intelligence is a new line, and this page describes the method every report is produced to rather than a back catalogue of published work. Coverage is being built market by market: the coverage check is the honest answer for any given market, and where we cannot yet support one we say so and point you to the work we can do.
Every property type we cover

Every report is prepared by an analyst, and every one is commissioned: our reports desk agrees the scope, the price and a delivery date with you before any work starts. Hotel and manufacturing markets are covered by our Market Risk Intelligence reports; the remaining classes are written to your brief as market reports, or taken as a special order.

Paying for your report

We accept all major credit cards. Payment is taken by telephone: call +1 310-857-2443 ext. 800 and a member of the reports desk will take your card.

For your security we never ask for card details by email or through this website. So that you are not left waiting on a call, the order form asks for your time zone and the best time to call, and the desk rings you in that window where we can, or writes to agree another time. Nothing is charged until we have confirmed the scope and the price with you.

Scope. A Market Risk Intelligence report analyses market conditions for a selected property cohort in a defined geography. It is not a valuation, an appraisal under USPAP, a feasibility study, investment advice, or a recommendation to buy, sell, lend against or develop any property. It expresses no opinion of value for any property. Data coverage varies by market and is disclosed before any report is ordered.
Prepared by Wert-Berater, Inc. — independent feasibility study, market research and valuation services since 1998. Methodology enquiries: +1 310-857-2443 ext. 800.
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Wert-Berater, Inc. is an independent provider of feasibility studies and other related services. The firm does not provide financing or equity investment advice, and does not arrange, broker, or place debt or equity capital of any kind.

All appraisal assignments are performed by Bruce E. Jones, MAI, ASA-GC, BCA, CMEA, a member of the Appraisal Institute since 2006, a staff member of Wert-Berater, Inc. and owner of Special Purpose Realty Valuation.

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